Sexually Transmitted Infections Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID

This Clinical Focus covers laboratory tests that help diagnose, screen for, and manage sexually transmitted infections associated with urethritis, cervicitis, and PID.

Sexually Transmitted Infections Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID: Laboratory Testing for Screening, Diagnosis, and Management

Clinical Focus

Sexually Transmitted Infections Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Laboratory Testing for Screening, Diagnosis, and Management

Contents:

Clinical background

Table 1. Testing Recommendations for STIs Commonly Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID

Individuals suitable for testing

Test availability

Table 2. NAAT Panels for Identifying the Cause(s) of Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID
Table 3. Individual Laboratory Tests and Panels for STIs Commonly Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID

Test selection and interpretation

Table 4. Screening Guidelines for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Table 5. Screening Guidelines for Trichomoniasis
Table 6. Follow-up Recommendations for Specific Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or M genitalium
Table 7. Sex Partner Testing Recommendations for Specific Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or M genitalium

References

Clinical background [return to contents]

Urethritis and cervicitis are inflammatory conditions that are often caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of the urogenital tract. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) occurs when pathogens ascend past the cervix and infect the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or pelvis. PID is one of the most serious manifestations of untreated STIs.

STIs can be difficult to identify because their signs and symptoms are not specific to the causative pathogen. Therefore, individuals with urethritis, cervicitis, or PID should be tested for common STIs so that they can receive appropriate, timely treatment.¹ Since many of these STIs can also be asymptomatic, regular screening to identify STIs can help prevent urethritis, cervicitis, and PID among people at increased risk.¹

Substantial proportions of urethritis, cervicitis, and PID cases are caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or Mycoplasma genitalium.¹ All 4 of these pathogens are common among young adults in the United States, especially young women at high risk for STIs.^2,3 Additional infectious and endogenous pathogens are associated with urogenital tract inflammation, such as Ureaplasma species, Mycoplasma hominis, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and constituents of the vaginal flora.¹

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides testing recommendations for STIs commonly associated with urethritis, cervicitis, and PID (Table 1).¹ Testing for certain comorbid STIs is indicated for individuals with a diagnosis of urethritis, cervicitis, or PID. For testing options for these STIs, see

Table 1. Testing Recommendations for STIs Commonly Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID^a [return to contents]

Condition	Testing recommendations to identify causative STIs¹			Additional testing recommendations for patients with the indicated diagnosis¹
Condition	CT/NG	T vaginalis	M genitalium	Bacterial vaginosis	HIV and/or Syphilis
Urethritis	Recommended	Considered in high-prevalence settings, when a partner is infected, or for persistent or recurrent disease	Recommended for persistent or recurrent disease	N/A	Recommended
Cervicitis	Recommended	Recommended	Considered based on clinical presentation Recommended for persistent or recurrent disease	Recommended	Recommended
PID	Recommended	Not recommended	Considered based on clinical presentation	Not recommended	Recommended

CT/NG, C trachomatis/N gonorrhoeae; N/A, not applicable; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease.
a	This is not intended as a comprehensive list of testing recommendations. Refer to guidelines for all current recommendations.

This Clinical Focus provides an overview of laboratory tests useful in screening, diagnosis, and management of STIs commonly associated with urethritis, cervicitis, and PID. This information is not intended as medical advice. Test selection and interpretation, diagnosis, and patient management decisions should be based on the physician’s education, clinical expertise, and assessment of the patient.

Individuals suitable for testing [return to contents]

Individuals who should be screened for C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, or T vaginalis infections (see Screening subsection)
Individuals with urethritis, cervicitis, or PID (see Diagnosis subsection)
Individuals with confirmed C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, or M genitalium infections (see Follow-up testing subsection)

Test availability [return to contents]

To aid with screening, diagnosis, and management, Quest Diagnostics offers panels of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) that concurrently test for common infectious causes of urethritis, cervicitis, and PID (Table 2). In addition, Quest offers tests for individual microorganisms from various specimen types, confirmatory testing using alternative gene targets,⁴ tests and panels targeting genital mycoplasmas, and STI panels for individuals at high risk (Table 3).

Table 2. NAAT Panels for Identifying the Cause(s) of Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID^a [return to contents]

Test code	Test name (component tests and codes)	*C trachomatis*	*N gonorrhoeae*	*T vaginalis*	*M genitalium*	*Ureaplasma* species
36962	Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Cervicitis Panel^b Includes Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, urogenital (11363), Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, qualitative, TMA (19550), and Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA (91475).	•	•	•	•
38288	Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Male Urethritis Panel, Expanded^b,c,d Includes Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, urogenital (11363), Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, qualitative, TMA, males (90801), Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA (91475), and SureSwab^® Ureaplasma species, real-time PCR (91476).	•	•	•	•	•
36964	Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Male Urethritis Panel^b,c Includes Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, urogenital (11363), Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, qualitative, TMA, males (90801), and Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA (91475).	•	•	•	•
36965	Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) Panel^b Includes Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, urogenital (11363), Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, qualitative, TMA (19550), and Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA(91475).	•	•	•	•

NAAT, nucleic acid amplification test; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease; STI, sexually transmitted infections; TMA, transcription-mediated amplification.
a	This test listing is not intended to be comprehensive. For additional testing options, consult TestDirectory.QuestDiagnostics.com.
b	Panel components may be ordered separately.
c	The analytical performance characteristics of this assay have been determined by Quest Diagnostics. The modifications have not been cleared or approved by the FDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIA regulations and is used for clinical purposes.
d	This test was developed and its analytical performance characteristics have been determined by Quest Diagnostics. It has not been cleared or approved by FDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIA regulations and is used for clinical purposes.

Table 3. Individual Laboratory Tests and Panels for STIs Commonly Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID^a [return to contents]

Test code	Test name (component tests and test codes)	Clinical use
Chlamydia trachomatis
16505	Chlamydia trachomatis RNA, TMA, Rectal^b	Detect infection with C trachomatis
70048	Chlamydia trachomatis RNA, TMA, Throat^b
11361	Chlamydia trachomatis RNA, TMA, Urogenital
91046	Chlamydia trachomatis, TMA (Alternate Target), Rectal^c
15031	Chlamydia trachomatis, TMA (Alternate Target), Urogenital
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
480	Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) Culture	Detect infection with N gonorrhoeae
16504	Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Rectal^b
70049	Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Throat^b
11362	Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Urogenital
90990	Neisseria gonorrhoeae, TMA (Alternate Target), Rectal^c
15033	Neisseria gonorrhoeae, TMA (Alternate Target), Urogenital
Trichomonas vaginalis
19550	Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA	Detect infection with T vaginalis
90801	Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA, Males^b
90521	Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA, Pap Vial
Genital mycoplasmas
91475	Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA	Detect infection with M genitalium
91477	Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma Panel, PCR^c,d Includes Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA(91475), SureSwab^®, Mycoplasma hominis, real-time PCR (91474), and SureSwab^®, Ureaplasma species, real-time PCR (91476).^c	Detect infection with M genitalium, M hominis, U urealyticum, or U parvum
STI Panels
11363	Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Urogenital	Detect infections with C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae; screen individuals at increased risk for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae
91773	Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA with Reflex to Alternate Target, Urogenital^e Includes reflex to Chlamydia trachomatis, TMA (Alternate Target), urogenital (15031) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, TMA (alternate target), urogenital (15033).	Detect infections with C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae followed by confirmatory testing for positive results
36963	Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Increased Risk Panel^d Includes Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Urogenital (11363), Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, qualitative, TMA (19550), and Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA(91475).	Detect common STIs in individuals at increased risk

PCR, polymerase chain reaction; STI, sexually transmitted infections; TMA, transcription-mediated amplification.
a	This test listing is not intended to be comprehensive. For additional testing options, consult TestDirectory.QuestDiagnostics.com.
b	The analytical performance characteristics of this assay have been determined by Quest Diagnostics. The modifications have not been cleared or approved by the FDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIA regulations and is used for clinical purposes.
c	This test was developed and its analytical performance characteristics have been determined by Quest Diagnostics. It has not been cleared or approved by FDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIA regulations and is used for clinical purposes.
d	Panel components may be ordered separately.
e	Reflex tests are performed at an additional charge and are associated with an additional CPT^® code.

Test Selection and Interpretation [return to contents]

Screening

Timely detection and effective treatment of asymptomatic STIs that can cause urethritis and cervicitis are important for preventing PID and other complications. Therefore, the CDC, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) have screening recommendations for STIs commonly associated with urethritis, cervicitis, and PID in appropriate populations (Table 4 and 5).^1,5,6 Screening recommendations should be adapted based on anatomy and reported sexual behaviors.^1,5

Table 4. Screening Guidelines for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea^a [return to contents]

Population		Screening interval^1,5,6,b
Sexually active women
	<25 years of age	Yearly
	≥25 years of age with risk factors: New sex partner >1 sex partner Sex partner with concurrent partners Sex partner with an STI Inconsistent condom use when not in mutually monogamous relationship Previous or current STI History of transactional sex History of incarceration	Yearly
Pregnant individuals <25 years of age or ≥25 years of age with risk factors		1st prenatal visit and 3rd trimester
Sexually active MSM		Yearly, every 3-6 months if high risk
Sexually active individuals with HIV		At initial HIV-related visit, then yearly
Women <35 and men <30 years of age in correctional facilities		At intake

MSM, men who have sex with men; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
a	This is not intended as a comprehensive list of screening recommendations. Refer to guidelines for all current recommendations.
b	More frequent screening may be appropriate for some people.¹

Table 5. Screening Guidelines for Trichomoniasis^a [return to contents]

Population	Screening interval^1,5
Sexually active women with HIV	At initial HIV-related visit, then yearly
Women <35 of age in correctional facilities	At intake

a	This is not intended as a comprehensive list of screening recommendations. Refer to guidelines for all current recommendations.

In high-prevalence settings, screening sexually active young men for C trachomatis can be considered.¹ Quest offers individual NAATs for screening for C trachomatis (test code 11361) and N gonorrhoeae individually (test code 11362) or concurrent CT/NG NAAT screening for both organisms (test code 11363).

Screening for trichomoniasis can be considered for women at high risk for infection and for individuals in high-prevalence settings.¹ Quest offers NAATs for screening for trichomoniasis (test codes 19550, 90801, and 90521).

Currently, routine screening for M genitalium is not recommended. However, testing may be warranted depending on the clinical presentation, such as persistent urethritis.

Diagnosis

Individuals with urethritis, cervicitis, or PID should be tested for causative pathogens and other common STIs.¹ Identifying a causative pathogen helps inform treatment decisions and prevent complications, recurrent disease, and STI transmission.¹

The CDC, the USPSTF, the IDSA, and the ASM recommend NAATs to detect C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae in urogenital and extragenital specimens.^1,5,6 Both the CDC and IDSA prefer NAATs for detecting M genitalium because isolating this pathogen by culture is prohibitively difficult.^1,6 The CDC recommends highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests to detect T vaginalis.¹ NAATs for T vaginalis can also be performed using the same specimen that is collected for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae testing.⁶ Quest offers diagnostic NAATs to detect C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, and M genitalium from various types of specimens (Table 3).

Positive results from NAATs indicate infection with the specified organism, while negative results indicate that the organism was not detected. False-positive results may occur from performing NAAT too soon after cessation of therapy owing to the presence of nucleic acids from dead organisms. False-negative results could occur when there are too few organisms in the specimen, below the assay detection limit.

Urethritis

The CDC recommends testing men with clinical signs of urethritis for both C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae.¹ Urethritis is conventionally divided into gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) based on point-of-care Gram-stain microscopy, which can identify urethral inflammation. Microscopy is highly specific for gonococcal urethritis based on visualization of N gonorrhoeae organisms.¹ However, if microscopy is not available or if a diagnosis of NGU is made, NAATs should be used to test for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae (Table 3).¹

In high-prevalence settings, testing for T vaginalis should also be considered; in low-prevalence settings, testing for T vaginalis (test code 90801) may be appropriate if symptoms persist after treatment or if specific exposure is suspected.¹ M genitalium can also cause urethritis and is a common reason for the failure of presumptive treatment for NGU. In cases of persistent or recurrent urethritis, CDC guidelines recommend testing for M genitalium infection (test code 91475).¹

Guidelines indicate that men may be tested for other bacterial and viral causes of urethritis if symptoms persist after treatment, or if exposure to a specific pathogen is suspected.¹ Although genital mycoplasmas have long been associated with urethritis, evidence that Ureaplasma species and M hominis are pathogenic has been mixed.¹ HSV-1 and HSV-2 can also cause urogenital inflammation; 15% to 30% of men with primary HSV infections develop urethritis.⁷ While urethritis caused by HSV can usually be distinguished by the presence of characteristic skin lesions, HSV can also cause urethritis in the absence of these lesions.

Quest offers a urethritis panel (test code 36964) that includes NAATs for 4 of the most common causes of urogenital inflammation: C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, and M genitalium. An additional urethritis panel (test code 38288) allows for testing these STIs in combination with Ureaplasma species. Separate NAATs are also available for detecting genital mycoplasmas (Table 3).

For HSV-1 and HSV-2 testing options, refer to Genital Herpes: Laboratory Support of Diagnosis and Management | Clinical Focus | Quest Diagnostics.

Cervicitis

Guidelines indicate that women with cervicitis should be tested for N gonorrhoeae, C trachomatis, and T vaginalis.¹ C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae are well-known causes of cervicitis. T vaginalis is usually associated with vaginal symptoms, but up to 50% of women with T vaginalis infection also develop characteristic cervical inflammation (colpitis macularis).⁸ Accumulating evidence also suggests that M genitalium can cause cervicitis.^1,9 Testing for M genitalium can be considered, and in cases of persistent or recurrent cervicitis, it is recommended.¹

Other bacteria and viruses may cause cervicitis.¹ Ureaplasma species and M hominis have been associated with cervicitis, but they can also be found in the reproductive tract of healthy women.⁹ Whether these organisms cause inflammation independent of bacterial vaginosis or concurrent infections has not been resolved. Thus, testing for Ureaplasma species and M hominis is not recommended.¹ Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are also associated with cervicitis,⁹ and 15% to 20% of women with primary HSV-2 infections develop cervicitis.¹⁰ However, guidelines do not indicate HSV testing.¹

Quest offers a cervicitis panel (test code 36962) that includes NAATs for 4 of the most common causes of urogenital inflammation: C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, and M genitalium.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Guidelines indicate that women with suspected PID should be given empiric therapy but should also be tested for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae to help direct pathogen-specific follow-up testing and care.¹ Importantly, confirming a C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae infection increases the specificity of a PID diagnosis, which is otherwise based on minimal criteria to reduce the number of missed cases.¹

T vaginalis has been associated with PID in several studies.¹¹ At present, however, a causal relationship has not been established¹¹ and guidelines do not indicate T vaginalis testing for women with PID.¹ Several prospective studies have indicated associations between M genitalium and PID independent of C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae.^12,13 Testing for M genitalium can be considered for women with PID.¹

PID is considered a polymicrobial infection, and other pathogens including Ureaplasma species, M hominis, and constituents of the vaginal and enteric floramay also play a role. However, testing these additional pathogens has limited value in diagnosing PID.¹

Quest offers a PID panel (test code 36965) that includes NAATs for 4 of the most common causes of urogenital inflammation: C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, and M genitalium.

Follow-up testing

Guidelines indicate that test-of-cure (TOC) is unnecessary in most individuals with uncomplicated infection of C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, or M genitalium.¹ However, NAATs can be used for C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae TOC if needed (Table 6).¹ Because NAATs can detect dead organisms, NAATs for C trachomatis TOC should be performed at least 3 weeks after treatment and NAATs for N gonorrhoeae TOC should be performed at least 2 weeks after treatment.¹⁴ Culture (test code 480) is recommended to test N gonorrhoeae for antimicrobial susceptibility in patients with positive NAAT results, persistent symptoms, or treatment failure.¹

Table 6. Follow-up Recommendations for Specific Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or M genitalium^a [return to contents]

Diagnosis	Test of cure¹	Testing for reinfection¹
C trachomatis	Not recommended except for Pregnant individuals 4 weeks after treatment	3 months after treatment
N gonorrhoeae	Not recommended except for Patients with pharyngeal gonorrhea 7-14 days after treatment Patients with suspected treatment failure 7-14 days after retreatment	3 months after treatment
T vaginalis	No recommendations	3 months after treatment
M genitalium	Not recommended in asymptomatic individuals	No recommendations

TOC, test of cure.
a	This is not intended as a comprehensive list of testing recommendations. Refer to guidelines for all current recommendations.

Reinfection from an untreated or new infected partner after treatment is common. Therefore, retesting 3 months after treatment is recommended for patients following a specific diagnosis of C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, or T vaginalis.¹

Sex partner testing

All sex partners of patients with the diagnosis of C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, or T vaginalis infection should be tested if sexual contact with the patient occurs within 60 days preceding the patient’s diagnosis or symptom onset (Table 7).¹ However, when sex partners of patients are unlikely or unable to be tested, expedited partner therapy (EPT) can be considered.¹

Table 7. Sex Partner Testing Recommendations for Specific Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or M genitalium^a [return to contents]

Diagnosis	Sex partners testing¹	EPT^1,b
C trachomatis	Test all sex partners	Applicable
N gonorrhoeae	Test all sex partners	Applicable
T vaginalis	Test all sex partners	Applicable^c
M genitalium	Test sex partners of symptomatic patients	Not applicable

EPT, expedited partner therapy.
a	This is not intended as a comprehensive list of testing recommendations. Refer to guidelines for all current recommendations.
b	EPT permission status varies among different states.¹
c	EPT has not been demonstrated to reduce reinfection in patients with trichomoniasis.¹

References [return to contents]

Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021;70(4):1-187. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
Manhart LE, Holmes KK, Hughes JP, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium among young adults in the United States: an emerging sexually transmitted infection. Am J Public Heal. 2011;97(6):1118-1125. doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.074062
Huppert JS, Mortensen JE, Reed JL, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium detected by transcription-mediated amplification is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis in adolescent women. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35(3):250-254. doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e31815abac6
Whiley DM, Tapsall JW, Sloots TP. Nucleic acid amplification testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an ongoing challenge. J Mol Diagn. 2006;8(1):3-15. doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2006.050045
US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;326(10):949-956. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14081
Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2024 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. Published 2024:ciae104. doi:10.1093/cid/ciae104
Bachmann LH, Manhart LE, Martin DH, et al. Advances in the understanding and treatment of male urethritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(suppl_8):S763-S769. doi:10.1093/cid/civ755
Kissinger P. Epidemiology and treatment of trichomoniasis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2015;17(6):31. doi:10.1007/s11908-015-0484-7
Lusk MJ, Konecny P. Cervicitis: a review. Curr Opin Intern Med. 2008;7(2):142-148. doi:10.1097/qco.0b013e3282f3d988
Marrazzo JM, Martin DH. Management of women with cervicitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(Supplement_3):S102-S110. doi:10.1086/511423
Meites E, Gaydos CA, Hobbs MM, et al. A review of evidence-based care of symptomatic trichomoniasis and asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(suppl_8):S837-S848. doi:10.1093/cid/civ738
Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J. Pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(21):2039-2048. doi:10.1056/nejmra1411426
Haggerty CL, Taylor BD. Mycoplasma genitalium: an emerging cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2011;2011(1):959816. doi:10.1155/2011/959816
Papp JR, Schachter J, Gaydos CA, et al. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae—2014. MMWR Recomm Rep: Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Recomm Rep. 2014;63(RR-02):1-19.

Content reviewed 11/2025

top of page

This Clinical Focus covers laboratory tests that help diagnose, screen for, and manage sexually transmitted infections associated with urethritis, cervicitis, and PID.

Test Guide List

Sexually Transmitted Infections Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID: Laboratory Testing for Screening, Diagnosis, and Management

Clinical Focus

Sexually Transmitted Infections Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Laboratory Testing for Screening, Diagnosis, and Management

Contents:

Clinical background

Table 1. Testing Recommendations for STIs Commonly Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID

Individuals suitable for testing

Test availability

Table 2. NAAT Panels for Identifying the Cause(s) of Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID
Table 3. Individual Laboratory Tests and Panels for STIs Commonly Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID

Test selection and interpretation

Table 4. Screening Guidelines for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Table 5. Screening Guidelines for Trichomoniasis
Table 6. Follow-up Recommendations for Specific Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or M genitalium
Table 7. Sex Partner Testing Recommendations for Specific Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or M genitalium

References

Clinical background [return to contents]

Table 1. Testing Recommendations for STIs Commonly Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID^a [return to contents]

Condition	Testing recommendations to identify causative STIs¹			Additional testing recommendations for patients with the indicated diagnosis¹
Condition	CT/NG	T vaginalis	M genitalium	Bacterial vaginosis	HIV and/or Syphilis
Urethritis	Recommended	Considered in high-prevalence settings, when a partner is infected, or for persistent or recurrent disease	Recommended for persistent or recurrent disease	N/A	Recommended
Cervicitis	Recommended	Recommended	Considered based on clinical presentation Recommended for persistent or recurrent disease	Recommended	Recommended
PID	Recommended	Not recommended	Considered based on clinical presentation	Not recommended	Recommended

CT/NG, C trachomatis/N gonorrhoeae; N/A, not applicable; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease.
a	This is not intended as a comprehensive list of testing recommendations. Refer to guidelines for all current recommendations.

Individuals suitable for testing [return to contents]

Individuals who should be screened for C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, or T vaginalis infections (see Screening subsection)
Individuals with urethritis, cervicitis, or PID (see Diagnosis subsection)
Individuals with confirmed C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, or M genitalium infections (see Follow-up testing subsection)

Test availability [return to contents]

Table 2. NAAT Panels for Identifying the Cause(s) of Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID^a [return to contents]

Test code	Test name (component tests and codes)	*C trachomatis*	*N gonorrhoeae*	*T vaginalis*	*M genitalium*	*Ureaplasma* species
36962	Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Cervicitis Panel^b Includes Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, urogenital (11363), Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, qualitative, TMA (19550), and Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA (91475).	•	•	•	•
38288	Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Male Urethritis Panel, Expanded^b,c,d Includes Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, urogenital (11363), Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, qualitative, TMA, males (90801), Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA (91475), and SureSwab^® Ureaplasma species, real-time PCR (91476).	•	•	•	•	•
36964	Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Male Urethritis Panel^b,c Includes Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, urogenital (11363), Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, qualitative, TMA, males (90801), and Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA (91475).	•	•	•	•
36965	Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) Panel^b Includes Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, urogenital (11363), Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, qualitative, TMA (19550), and Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA(91475).	•	•	•	•

NAAT, nucleic acid amplification test; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease; STI, sexually transmitted infections; TMA, transcription-mediated amplification.
a	This test listing is not intended to be comprehensive. For additional testing options, consult TestDirectory.QuestDiagnostics.com.
b	Panel components may be ordered separately.
c	The analytical performance characteristics of this assay have been determined by Quest Diagnostics. The modifications have not been cleared or approved by the FDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIA regulations and is used for clinical purposes.
d	This test was developed and its analytical performance characteristics have been determined by Quest Diagnostics. It has not been cleared or approved by FDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIA regulations and is used for clinical purposes.

Table 3. Individual Laboratory Tests and Panels for STIs Commonly Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID^a [return to contents]

Test code	Test name (component tests and test codes)	Clinical use
Chlamydia trachomatis
16505	Chlamydia trachomatis RNA, TMA, Rectal^b	Detect infection with C trachomatis
70048	Chlamydia trachomatis RNA, TMA, Throat^b
11361	Chlamydia trachomatis RNA, TMA, Urogenital
91046	Chlamydia trachomatis, TMA (Alternate Target), Rectal^c
15031	Chlamydia trachomatis, TMA (Alternate Target), Urogenital
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
480	Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) Culture	Detect infection with N gonorrhoeae
16504	Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Rectal^b
70049	Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Throat^b
11362	Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Urogenital
90990	Neisseria gonorrhoeae, TMA (Alternate Target), Rectal^c
15033	Neisseria gonorrhoeae, TMA (Alternate Target), Urogenital
Trichomonas vaginalis
19550	Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA	Detect infection with T vaginalis
90801	Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA, Males^b
90521	Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA, Pap Vial
Genital mycoplasmas
91475	Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA	Detect infection with M genitalium
91477	Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma Panel, PCR^c,d Includes Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA(91475), SureSwab^®, Mycoplasma hominis, real-time PCR (91474), and SureSwab^®, Ureaplasma species, real-time PCR (91476).^c	Detect infection with M genitalium, M hominis, U urealyticum, or U parvum
STI Panels
11363	Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Urogenital	Detect infections with C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae; screen individuals at increased risk for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae
91773	Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA with Reflex to Alternate Target, Urogenital^e Includes reflex to Chlamydia trachomatis, TMA (Alternate Target), urogenital (15031) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, TMA (alternate target), urogenital (15033).	Detect infections with C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae followed by confirmatory testing for positive results
36963	Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Increased Risk Panel^d Includes Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Urogenital (11363), Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, qualitative, TMA (19550), and Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA(91475).	Detect common STIs in individuals at increased risk

PCR, polymerase chain reaction; STI, sexually transmitted infections; TMA, transcription-mediated amplification.
a	This test listing is not intended to be comprehensive. For additional testing options, consult TestDirectory.QuestDiagnostics.com.
b	The analytical performance characteristics of this assay have been determined by Quest Diagnostics. The modifications have not been cleared or approved by the FDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIA regulations and is used for clinical purposes.
c	This test was developed and its analytical performance characteristics have been determined by Quest Diagnostics. It has not been cleared or approved by FDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIA regulations and is used for clinical purposes.
d	Panel components may be ordered separately.
e	Reflex tests are performed at an additional charge and are associated with an additional CPT^® code.

Test Selection and Interpretation [return to contents]

Screening

Table 4. Screening Guidelines for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea^a [return to contents]

Population		Screening interval^1,5,6,b
Sexually active women
	<25 years of age	Yearly
	≥25 years of age with risk factors: New sex partner >1 sex partner Sex partner with concurrent partners Sex partner with an STI Inconsistent condom use when not in mutually monogamous relationship Previous or current STI History of transactional sex History of incarceration	Yearly
Pregnant individuals <25 years of age or ≥25 years of age with risk factors		1st prenatal visit and 3rd trimester
Sexually active MSM		Yearly, every 3-6 months if high risk
Sexually active individuals with HIV		At initial HIV-related visit, then yearly
Women <35 and men <30 years of age in correctional facilities		At intake

MSM, men who have sex with men; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
a	This is not intended as a comprehensive list of screening recommendations. Refer to guidelines for all current recommendations.
b	More frequent screening may be appropriate for some people.¹

Table 5. Screening Guidelines for Trichomoniasis^a [return to contents]

Population	Screening interval^1,5
Sexually active women with HIV	At initial HIV-related visit, then yearly
Women <35 of age in correctional facilities	At intake

a	This is not intended as a comprehensive list of screening recommendations. Refer to guidelines for all current recommendations.

Currently, routine screening for M genitalium is not recommended. However, testing may be warranted depending on the clinical presentation, such as persistent urethritis.

Diagnosis

Urethritis

For HSV-1 and HSV-2 testing options, refer to Genital Herpes: Laboratory Support of Diagnosis and Management | Clinical Focus | Quest Diagnostics.

Cervicitis

Quest offers a cervicitis panel (test code 36962) that includes NAATs for 4 of the most common causes of urogenital inflammation: C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, and M genitalium.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Quest offers a PID panel (test code 36965) that includes NAATs for 4 of the most common causes of urogenital inflammation: C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, and M genitalium.

Follow-up testing

Table 6. Follow-up Recommendations for Specific Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or M genitalium^a [return to contents]

Diagnosis	Test of cure¹	Testing for reinfection¹
C trachomatis	Not recommended except for Pregnant individuals 4 weeks after treatment	3 months after treatment
N gonorrhoeae	Not recommended except for Patients with pharyngeal gonorrhea 7-14 days after treatment Patients with suspected treatment failure 7-14 days after retreatment	3 months after treatment
T vaginalis	No recommendations	3 months after treatment
M genitalium	Not recommended in asymptomatic individuals	No recommendations

TOC, test of cure.
a	This is not intended as a comprehensive list of testing recommendations. Refer to guidelines for all current recommendations.

Sex partner testing

Table 7. Sex Partner Testing Recommendations for Specific Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, or M genitalium^a [return to contents]

Diagnosis	Sex partners testing¹	EPT^1,b
C trachomatis	Test all sex partners	Applicable
N gonorrhoeae	Test all sex partners	Applicable
T vaginalis	Test all sex partners	Applicable^c
M genitalium	Test sex partners of symptomatic patients	Not applicable

EPT, expedited partner therapy.
a	This is not intended as a comprehensive list of testing recommendations. Refer to guidelines for all current recommendations.
b	EPT permission status varies among different states.¹
c	EPT has not been demonstrated to reduce reinfection in patients with trichomoniasis.¹

References [return to contents]

Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021;70(4):1-187. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
Manhart LE, Holmes KK, Hughes JP, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium among young adults in the United States: an emerging sexually transmitted infection. Am J Public Heal. 2011;97(6):1118-1125. doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.074062
Huppert JS, Mortensen JE, Reed JL, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium detected by transcription-mediated amplification is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis in adolescent women. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35(3):250-254. doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e31815abac6
Whiley DM, Tapsall JW, Sloots TP. Nucleic acid amplification testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an ongoing challenge. J Mol Diagn. 2006;8(1):3-15. doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2006.050045
US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;326(10):949-956. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14081
Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2024 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. Published 2024:ciae104. doi:10.1093/cid/ciae104
Bachmann LH, Manhart LE, Martin DH, et al. Advances in the understanding and treatment of male urethritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(suppl_8):S763-S769. doi:10.1093/cid/civ755
Kissinger P. Epidemiology and treatment of trichomoniasis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2015;17(6):31. doi:10.1007/s11908-015-0484-7
Lusk MJ, Konecny P. Cervicitis: a review. Curr Opin Intern Med. 2008;7(2):142-148. doi:10.1097/qco.0b013e3282f3d988
Marrazzo JM, Martin DH. Management of women with cervicitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(Supplement_3):S102-S110. doi:10.1086/511423
Meites E, Gaydos CA, Hobbs MM, et al. A review of evidence-based care of symptomatic trichomoniasis and asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(suppl_8):S837-S848. doi:10.1093/cid/civ738
Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J. Pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(21):2039-2048. doi:10.1056/nejmra1411426
Haggerty CL, Taylor BD. Mycoplasma genitalium: an emerging cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2011;2011(1):959816. doi:10.1155/2011/959816
Papp JR, Schachter J, Gaydos CA, et al. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae—2014. MMWR Recomm Rep: Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Recomm Rep. 2014;63(RR-02):1-19.

Content reviewed 11/2025

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Test Code 91476

SureSwab®, Ureaplasma species, Real-Time PCR

Ureaplasma spp. have been linked to upper genitourinary tract infection and to premature labor and abortion. Recently, by molecular means two groups have been distinguished, U.parvum and U. urealyticum, with the former being more prevalent in the lower genital tract of healthy women. It is not clear which species more predominantly causes infection. Ureaplasma spp. appear to be opportunists when they infect the upper genitourinary tract. These organisms have a

Test Code 11363

Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Urogenital

C. trachomatis infections are the leading cause of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. C. trachomatis is known to cause cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), epididymitis and proctitis. It is also the most frequent cause of non-gonococcal urethritis in men. Among women, the consequences of Chlamydial infections are severe if left untreated. Approximately half of Chlamydial infections are asymptomatic.
⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠R

Test Code 11361

Chlamydia trachomatis RNA, TMA, Urogenital

C. trachomatis infections are the leading cause of sexually transmitted diseases in the united states. C. trachomatis is known to cause cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), epididymitis and proctitis. It is also the most frequent cause of non-gonococcal urethritis in men. Among women, the consequences of chlamydial infections are severe if left untreated. Approximately half of chlamydial infections are asymptomatic.

Test Code 91448

Chlamydia/N. gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA, Pap Vial

Diagnosis of the three most common sexually transmitted infections.

Test Code 19550

Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA

Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative Transcription-Mediated Amplification (TMA) assay is a nucleic acid amplification test that uses TMA for detection of T. vaginalis RNA in vaginal swabs (preferred), female or male urine, or endocervical swabs. It is used in the screening and diagnosis of trichomoniasis. When the clinical performance of this assay was evaluated, sensitivity was 100% in vaginal swab, endocervical swab, and PreservCyt® Solution liquid PAP specimens. Specificit

Test Code 36964

Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Male Urethritis Panel

Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra and is often due to sexually transmitted infections. It may be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and/or Mycoplasma genitalium. The symptoms are a burning sensation while urinating, itching or burning near the opening of the penis, presence of blood in the semen or urine and discharge from the penis. A panel will help the clinician identify the cause of these symptoms.

Test Code 91475

Mycoplasma genitalium, rRNA, TMA

The Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium assay is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for the qualitative detection of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from Mycoplasma genitalium. It is intended for use as an aid in the diagnosis of M.genitalium urogenital infections in male and female patients suspected of M.genitalium infection. Infection with M.genitalium was shown to be strongly associated with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men and cervicitis in w

Test Code 91773

Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA with Reflex to Alternate Target, Urogenital

To screen for the infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in vaginal, endocervical and urethral swabs or urine from men and women.

Test Code 16504

Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Rectal

Neisseria gonorrhoeae may infect the anal/rectal canal of sexually active individuals. Detection of this organism may be important for determining the risk for disease progression or transmission.

Test Code 480

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) Culture

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is considered a pathogen whenever isolated and its identification is important in initiating appropriate therapy to prevent the spread of the infection as well as the serious sequelae.

Test Code 70048

Chlamydia trachomatis RNA, TMA, Throat

Chlamydia trachomatis may infect the oral/pharyngeal cavity of sexually active individuals. Detection of this organism may be important for determining the risk for disease progression or transmission.

Test Code 90521

Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA, Pap Vial

Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative Transcription- Mediated Amplification, Pap Vial test is a nucleic acid amplification test that uses transcription-mediated amplification for detection of T. vaginalis RNA, using a ThinPrep® or SurePath™ Pap sample as the specimen. It is used in the screening and diagnosis of trichomoniasis. When the clinical performance of this assay was evaluated, sensitivity was 100% in PreservCyt Solution liquid Pap specimens, while specificity wa

Test Code 91474

SureSwab®, Mycoplasma hominis, Real-Time PCR

Mycoplasma hominis was first identified as a cause of inflammatory urogenital disease in men but has since been implicated in causing pelvic inflammatory disease/cervicitis in women. Because of its fastidious nature, this organism is not routinely cultured and is better detected by molecular methods. PCR allows for rapid detection of M. hominis.

Test Code 11362

Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Urogenital

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci) is the causative agent of gonorrhea. In men, this disease generally results in anterior urethritis accompanied by purulent exudate. In women, the disease is most often found in the cervix, but the vagina and uterus may also be infected.

Test Code 91477

Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma Panel

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. have been associated with genital tract infection. M. genitalium has been implicated in cervicitis, endometritis, and PID. M. hominis has also been associated with cervicitis and is present in increased numbers in vaginosis. Ureaplasma spp. have been linked to upper genitourinary tract infection and to premature labor and abortion. Because of their nature, these organisms are not routinely cultured and are better detecte

Test Code 36965

Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs)Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID)Panel

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs and often due to sexually transmitted infections. It may be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and/or Mycoplasma genitalium. Most women are asymptomatic. For those that present with symptoms, the symptoms may include pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis, heavy vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and pain during intercou

Test Code 36963

Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Increased Risk Panel

If someone is at an increased risk for STIs, they should be tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium. A panel will help the clinician identify and treat the appropriate pathogen if present.

Test Code 16505

Chlamydia trachomatis RNA, TMA, Rectal

Chlamydia trachomatis may infect the anal/rectal canal of sexually active individuals. Detection of this organism may be important for determining the risk for disease progression or transmission.

Test Code 90801

Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA, Males

The Trichomonas vaginalis RNA, Qualitative Transcription- Mediated Amplification, Males assay is a nucleic acid amplification test that uses TMA for detection of T. vaginalis RNA in male urethral swabs or urine. It is used in the screening and diagnosis of trichomoniasis [1].

Trichomoniasis is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, with an estimated 1.1 million new cases each year [2]. It is curable. About

Test Code 38288

Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Male Urethritis Panel, Expanded

Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra and is often due to sexually transmitted infections. It may be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and/or Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma spp. A panel will help the clinician's ability to precisely identify the cause of these symptoms.

Test Code 70049

Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Throat

Neisseria gonorrhoeae may infect the oral/pharyngeal cavity of sexually active individuals. Detection of this organism may be important for determining the risk for disease progression or transmission.

Test Code 36962

Sexually-Transmitted Infections (STIs) Cervicitis Panel

Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix and can be related to sexually transmitted infections. It may be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium. Most women are asymptomatic. For those that present with symptoms, the symptoms are vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal bleeding and pain during intercourse. A panel will help the clinician identify if the woman has an STI as the cause of Cervicitis.

Test Code 15033

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, TMA (Alternate Target), Urogenital

Several methods are available for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens. These methods include: Observation of gram-negative intracellular diplococci in gram-stained smears of urethral discharges from men and of endocervical secretions from women; Growth of N. gonorrhoeae from the urethra (men) or endocervix on selective culture media followed by demonstration of typical colonial morphology; and/or detection of N. gonorrhoeae with non-culture laboratory tests

Test Code 16492

Chlamydia/N. gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis RNA, Qualitative, TMA

To diagnose three sexually transmitted infections associated with vaginitis.

Test Code 15031

Chlamydia trachomatis, TMA (Alternate Target), Urogenital

Several methods are available for the detection of C. trachomatis in clinical specimens, including giemsa staining of tissue, fluorescent antibody staining, culture, and nucleic acid detection. Although culture is very specific, it lacks sensitivity, so recommendations have been put forth to include multiple tests in assisting with a diagnosis of infection, including tests such as the CT/NG Aptima TMA Assay.

IG/Reference Manual

Test Guide List

This page is a complete list of Test Guides created by Quest Diagnostics.

Clinical Focus

Genital Herpes: Laboratory Support of Diagnosis and Management

This Clinical Focus provides information about laboratory tests related to the diagnosis and management of genital herpes.

Clinical Focus

Genital Herpes: Laboratory Support of Diagnosis and Management

This Clinical Focus provides information about laboratory tests related to the diagnosis and management of genital herpes.

Clinical Focus

Sexually Transmitted Infections Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID

This Clinical Focus covers laboratory tests that help diagnose, screen for, and manage sexually transmitted infections associated with urethritis, cervicitis, and PID.

Clinical Focus

Syphilis: Laboratory Support for Screening, Diagnosis, and Monitoring

This Clinical Focus provides information about laboratory tests related to syphilis.

Test Guide

HIV Infection: Laboratory Testing for Diagnosis and Management

This test guide is based on Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for use of laboratory tests at various stages of HIV infection. Information that may help with timing and appropriate selection of laboratory tests is provided.

Clinical Focus

Vaginitis: Laboratory Testing for Diagnosis and Management

This Clinical Focus provides information about laboratory testing to identify infectious causes of vaginitis.

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Reference ranges are provided as general guidance only. To interpret test results use the reference range in the laboratory report.

The tests listed by specialty and category are a select group of tests offered. For a complete list of Quest Diagnostics tests, please adjust the filter options chosen, or refer to our Directory of Services.

Sexually Transmitted Infections Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID

Sexually Transmitted Infections Associated With Urethritis, Cervicitis, and PID

Clinical Focus

Clinical Focus

(25) Related Tests

(7) Related Guides